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In this paper I discuss the question whether esotericism (in the form of new age) can be understood as ideology in the specific sense of necessary false consciousness. The first part is concentrating on a social-theoretical and psychoanalytical determination of esoteric subjectivity. I analyse the desires satisfied by esotericism as well as the function it fulfills. The results are then, in the second part of the paper, confronted with Adorno’s concept of ideology. I focus on his essay Beitrag zur Ideologienlehre, first published in 1954. Adorno develops the thesis that after the decline of the liberal form of capitalism in the 19th century ideology cannot be any longer conceptualised as false consciousness. In contradiction to Adorno I argue that ideologies of mass culture in late capitalism like esotericism still have to be understood as necessary false consciousness. Despite their rationally organised and administered character they are unconscious and necessary products of the blind social process and manifestations of the spirit of late capitalism.
In dem Beitrag wird die Frage diskutiert, inwieweit Esoterik als Ideologie im Sinne von notwendig falschem Bewusstsein begriffen werden kann. Im ersten Teil wird die esoterische Subjektivität gesellschaftstheoretisch und psychoanalytisch bestimmt und die Bedürfnisse analysiert, die durch Esoterik befriedigt werden, sowie die Funktion untersucht, die diese Ideologie erfüllt. Im zweiten Teil werden dann diese Resultate mit Theodor W. Adornos Bestimmungen des Ideologiebegriffs in seinem Beitrag zur Ideologienlehre von 1954 konfrontiert. Adorno behauptet dort, dass die Ideologie nach dem Ende des liberalen Unternehmerkapitalismus nicht mehr als notwendig falsches Bewusstsein begriffen werden könne. Im Gegensatz dazu wird die These aufgestellt, dass Ideologien der Massenkultur wie die Esoterik trotz ihres Mangels an Kohärenz notwendig falsches Bewusstsein darstellen, insofern sie sich blind und anonym aus dem gesellschaftlichen Prozess kristallisieren und in ihnen der gesellschaftliche Geist zum Ausdruck kommt.
The work is based on my research project funded by Hans Böckler Foundation (Düsseldorf, Germany), Stiftung für Psychotherapie und Psychoanalyse (Zürich, Switzerland), and Stiftung Zeitlehren (Karlsruhe, Germany). Errata: In the document it says that Claudia Barth's study was published in 2013 but 2012 is the correct date.
Esoterik, consciousness, ideology critique, Sociology & anthropology, Ideologiekritik, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10045369, critical theory, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10044037, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10035483, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10053719, Adorno, T., theory of society, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10054209, Philosophy, Ethics, Religion, Bewusstsein, Philosophie, Theologie, Religionssoziologie, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10055664, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10047020, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10048335, psychoanalysis, social psychology, Philosophie, Kritische Theorie, Philosophy, Psychoanalyse, Soziologie, Anthropologie, Gesellschaftstheorie, esotericism, New Age, Sociology of Religion, Sozialpsychologie, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10035139, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10034600, 10200, sociology of religion, ddc: ddc:100, ddc: ddc:301
Esoterik, consciousness, ideology critique, Sociology & anthropology, Ideologiekritik, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10045369, critical theory, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10044037, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10035483, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10053719, Adorno, T., theory of society, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10054209, Philosophy, Ethics, Religion, Bewusstsein, Philosophie, Theologie, Religionssoziologie, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10055664, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10047020, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10048335, psychoanalysis, social psychology, Philosophie, Kritische Theorie, Philosophy, Psychoanalyse, Soziologie, Anthropologie, Gesellschaftstheorie, esotericism, New Age, Sociology of Religion, Sozialpsychologie, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10035139, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10034600, 10200, sociology of religion, ddc: ddc:100, ddc: ddc:301
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