Abstract Metformin nanoparticles were created using a microemulsions method. Metformin nanoparticles were identified using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), which showed that their average size is 27.5 nm. An method called photo-irradiation was used to create ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO nanoparticles were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which determined that their average size is 25.74 nm. Metformin nanoparticles were loaded onto zinc oxide nanoparticles using a study UV-visible. This study sought to determine whether renal protection may be provided by ZnO nanoparticles loaded with metformin nanoparticles. Rats were successfully induced to develop diabetic nephropathy by feeding them a high-fat diet and giving them a single dose of 30 mg/kg streptozotocin. ZnO nanoparticles loaded with metformin nanoparticles was administered intragastrically for 60 days, and fasting blood sugar, serum urea, urine albumin, urine creatinine and albumin to creatinine ratio were subsequently examined at the end of administration. The current investigation found that ZnO nanoparticles loaded with metformin nanoparticles effectively lowered fasting blood sugar, serum urea, urine albumin, and albumin to creatinine ratio in diabetic nephropathy rats, with an increase in urine creatinine. The histological features of the rats' kidneys received ZnO NPs loaded with metformin NPs were found to be similar to the healthy group. In this study, results indicate that (ZnO NPs loaded with metformin NPs) exhibited protective effect on renal tissues

Keywords: Diabetic Nephropathy, ZnO NPs, Metformin, NPs