Abstract Autonomous work environment AWE can enhance the performance of employees and other staff of the firm because it refers to the level of freedom that employees have at the workplace. However, the main objective of this research paper is to analyze the self-directed behavior of pharmacists of Thailand’s Athlete health Industry through the use of an autonomous work environment. Another main aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between pharmacist perception of AWE and self-directed behavior SDB in large pharmaceutical firms. The mediating role of social and psychological capital has also been identified in the following study to analyze and improve the self-directed behavior of pharmacists. The given research used a self-administered questionnaire and the data was collected from about 438 pharmacists of top pharmaceutical firms of Thailand. Descriptive analysis, KMO, Bartlett’s test, and rotated component matrix techniques were used by this study to calculate data. The outcomes from SEM calculation revealed that AWE can produce a direct significant effect on the self-directed behavior of pharmacists. Furthermore, the results of this research paper also suggest that social capital positively mediates the relationship between AWE and SDB of pharmacists. The positive results of the study contribute to future studies and researches of AWE.