Identification of the leading cause of CNS dysfunction in a newborn, even with a thorough examination, is often a difficult task. The nature and depth of the pathological process in the brain and spinal cord remain unclear, neurological disorders are dynamic, and an accurate prediction of further development is difficult. In this regard, the use of the terms "encephalopathy" is justified, to refer to "transient and unclassified pathological conditions of the central nervous system." Despite the progress of perinatal medicine, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy remains an important cause of infant mortality and damage to the central nervous system, leading to disability in children.