The authors of this article reveal the policy of the Soviet government in Uzbekistan in the 20s and 30s of the twentieth century. Information is given on the goals and consequences of unilateral industrialization. Based on the evidence are shown agrarian reforms and their essence. As a result of the study was shown, the essence of the policy of collectivization and dispossession, new information was obtained about changes in the life of peasants, was shown progress in the development of scientific branches, were considered and the consequences of the policy of repression.