This dataset consists of a high-resolution (0.01o × 0.01o) oil and gas methane emission inventory for the Permian Basin, developed at Environmental Defense Fund (www.edf.org). The Permian Basin in western Texas and southern New Mexico is the largest oil producing basin in the U.S., accounting for more than 40% of national oil production in 2021. It is also the nation's largest methane emitting basin, with recent measurement-based estimates of more than three million metric tons per year. Here, we develop an improved inventory of oil and gas methane emissions for the Permian Basin, based on recent facility-scale measurements and updated oil and gas activity data for the year 2021. Full details for the oil and gas methane emission inventory development and key results can be found in the following journal paper, which is under review at Earth System Science Data journal. Please cite the paper when using the methane inventory dataset: Omara, M., Gautam, R., O'Brien, M.A., Himmelberger, A., Franco, A., Meisenhelder, K., Hauser, G., Lyon, D.R., Chulakadaba, A., Miller, C.C., Franklin, J., Wofsy, S., and Hamburg, S.P. Developing a spatially explicit global oil and gas infrastructure database for characterizing methane emission sources at high resolution. In review, Earth System Science Data journal (2023). Points of Contact at Environmental Defense Fund: Mark Omara (momara@edf.org) and Ritesh Gautam (rgautam@edf.org).