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Investigação arqueométrica de cerâmicas arqueológicas do sítio Pedra do Atlas, Brasil

Authors: Luis Carlos Duarte Cavalcante; Juliana de Melo Leite; José Weverton Lima de Sousa;

Investigação arqueométrica de cerâmicas arqueológicas do sítio Pedra do Atlas, Brasil

Abstract

A Pedra do Atlas é um abrigo arenítico com pinturas rupestres conhecido pela ocorrência de mais de uma centena de propulsores de dardos representados nos painéis pictóricos. Além da arte rupestre, neste sítio arqueológico foram encontrados materiais cerâmicos, pigmentos minerais e alguns líticos. Neste trabalho, amostras representativas dos materiais cerâmicos foram investigadas por fluorescências de raios X e difratometria de raios X, visando acessar a composição químico-mineralógica e parâmetros de queima dos objetos produzidos com argila. Exames macroscópicos a olho nu e complementares com estereomicroscópio e microscópio óptico também foram realizados. Os dados arqueométricos mostram a ocorrência de quartzo, anatásio, anortita, maghemita, fosfato de ferro, hematita e rutilo. A ausência de caulinita é indicativa de que a queima na produção desses materiais cerâmicos foi realizada em temperaturas superiores a 500 °C, enquanto a ausência de ilmenita é indicativa de que a temperatura de queima foi inferior a 1000 °C. Uma datação radiocarbônica de 830 ± 30 anos antes do presente foi obtida para a amostra PA.2017.33, fornecendo uma primeira cronologia para o sítio Pedra do Atlas. ENGLISH: Archaeometric Investigation of Archaeological Ceramics from the Pedra do Atlas Site, Brazil. Pedra do Atlas is a sandstone shelter with rock paintings known for the occurrence of more than a hundred spear-throwers represented in the pictorial panels. In addition to rock art, ceramic materials, mineral pigments and some lithics were found at this archaeological site. In this work, representative samples of the ceramic materials were investigated by X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffractometry, in order to access the chemical-mineralogical composition and firing parameters of the objects produced with clay. Macroscopic examinations with the naked eye and complementary examinations with stereomicroscope and optical microscope were also performed. Archaeometric data show the occurrence of quartz, anatase, anorthite, maghemite, iron phosphate, hematite and rutile. The absence of kaolinite indicates that the firing in the production of these ceramic materials was carried out at temperatures above 500 °C, while the absence of ilmenite suggests that the firing temperature was below 1,000 °C. A radiocarbon dating of 830 ± 30 years before present was obtained for sample PA.2017.33, providing a first chronology for the Pedra do Atlas site.

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Keywords

firing temperature, chemical-mineralogical composition, archaeometry, Archaeological ceramics, Pedra do Atlas, Brazil

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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