Tuberculosis is a hypersensitive granulomatous infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is the etiological agent of TB and currently more than one-third of the world population is suffering from TB. So need of knowledge about T.B, pathophysiology and treatment of T.B. to people or society. Pathophysiology means, when a human being or animal being suffering from a disease this is because deranged or change in function on that organ or human body. Infection is caused by airborne droplets of organisms person to person.For the treatment of TB, administration of multiple antibiotics such as isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol is required for long time period to kill the bacteria. Therefore antibiotic resistance is the emerging problem in multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) infections. World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a new strategy called DOTS (directly observed treatment, short-course), in which specific combination of anti-TB drugs are given, to control TB.The main object of this project is how to diagnose and how it is cure or treat. In this, we have provided the valuable information about first and second line anti TB drugs, DOTS and novel drug delivery systems to be used against M. tuberculosis. Keywords: Tuberculosis (TB), Pathogenesis, Diagnostic Studies, Treatment, DOTS.