The studies have shown that the major pathogenetic factor in the development of anemia was an absolute deficiency of erythropoietin, which was observed in 46.6% of patients with chronic kidney disease stage 1, 58.1% - with chronic kidney disease stage 2 and 61.7% - with chronic kidney disease stage 3. Relative increase in the level of EPO at reduced Hb was greatest in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 1 and the lowest in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3. Normochromic normocytic anemia was characteristic for most patients with renal disease. Increased serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines were observed in the majority of patients with anemia (Il-1β - in 86.3%, Il- 6 – in 70.5 % of cases). Comprehensive treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin and iron allowed to reach the target Hb values in 94.1 % of patients with anemia , while a negative association was detected between the level of endogenous erythropoietin and Hb percentage growth during the treatment period. Antianemic therapy led to a statistically significant decrease in serum concentrations of Il-1β and Il- 6 cytokines.