Heart and brain disorders more frequently co-exist than by chance alone, due to having common risk factors and a degree of interaction. In the setting of heart failure (HF) in the elderly strokes, dementia, and depression are all common and can produce a particularly difficult series of clinical problems to manage. Loss of ability to self-care can lead to very poor quality of life and a dramatic increase in health care expenditure. The Heart Failure Association of the ESC as part of its workshop on physiological monitoring of the complex multi-morbid HF patient reviewed screening, monitoring, prevention, and management of cognitive decline within the setting of HF.(1)