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Diversidad de especies vegetales en fincas del municipio Camagüey

Authors: González Portelles, Yudelkis; Céspedes Cansino, José Luis; de la Torre Rodríguez, Concepción;

Diversidad de especies vegetales en fincas del municipio Camagüey

Abstract

Contexto: La conservación de la biodiversidad integrada con las prácticas agrícolas puede reportar enormes beneficios sociales, económicos y ecológicos, por tanto, las prácticas que conservan y usan de manera sostenible e incrementan la biodiversidad son necesarias en los sistemas agrícolas para asegurar la producción de alimentos, la calidad de vida y la salud de los ecosistemas. Objetivo: Evaluar cuantitativa y cualitativamente la diversidad de especies vegetales como elemento del funcionamiento de los agroecosistemas. Métodos: Se muestrean los campos de las fincas registrando las especies presentes en un área de 0,24 hectáreas. Para ello se subdividen los campos de las fincas en 6 transectos, de 80 m x 5 m, cada uno de ellos dividido en 16 parcelas de 5 x 5 m. Se calculan los índices de diversidad Alfa (Índice de diversidad de Margalef, Índice de uniformidad de Pielou, Índice de Shannon-Wiener) y Beta (Jaccard) y se utiliza el Índice de Agrobiodiversidad de los agroecosistemas. Resultados: Los índices de Diversidad Alfa mostraron la tendencia hacia valores de diversidad entre medios y altos, y de dominancia bajos, mientras el índice de Jaccard, indica la existencia de fincas medianamente parecidas en cuanto a especies herbáceas-arbóreas y diferentes florísticamente en las especies arbóreas. Se evidencia insostenibilidad en la gestión y manejo de la Agrobiodiversidad. Conclusiones: Las fincas, resultaron florísticamente disímiles para plantas arbóreas y medianamente disímiles para herbáceas, mientras que el Índice de Diversidad Agrícola evidenció la aplicación de prácticas de manejo insostenible en los agroecosistemas, donde no se tienen en cuenta la aplicación de los principios agroecológicos y una gestión encaminada a fines de obtención de ganancias más que al cuidado del agroecosistema , consecuentemente el modelo de producción y gestión de los actores son ecológicamente insostenibles.

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Keywords

agroecosistema, agrobiodiversidad, Agriculture (General), diversidad de ecosistemas, diversidad de especies, S1-972

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