Hypertension, one of the main factors that results in cardiovascular disease, is one of the main causes of the human death and covers about 20-30% of the world's population. Often, arterial hypertension is manifested without a "visible" symptom and therefore, it is a great challenge to diagnose and adequately treat the disease. For more than 90% of patients with hypertension, the exact cause of the disease is not known, and this type of hypertension is called "essential" or "idiopathic" hypertension. This disease is caused by genetic and non-genetic factors. In this short review, an existing knowledge on genetic and non-genetic factors which causes the hypertonic disease is comparatively discussed