Species living in distinct habitats often experience unique ecological selective pressures, which can drive phenotypic divergence. However, how ecophenotypic patterns are affected by allometric trends and trait integration levels is less well understood. Here we evaluate the role of allometry in shaping body size and body form diversity in Pristurus geckos utilizing differing habitats. We found that patterns of allometry and integration in body form were distinct in species with different habitat preferences, with ground-dwelling Pristurus displaying the most divergent allometric trend and high levels of integration. There was also strong concordance between intraspecific allometry across individuals and evolutionary allometry among species, revealing that differences in body form among individuals were predictive of evolutionary changes across the phylogeny at macroevolutionary scales. This suggested that phenotypic evolution occurred along allometric lines of least resistance, with allometric trajectories imposing a strong influence on the magnitude and direction of size and shape changes across the phylogeny. When viewed in phylomorphospace, the largest rock-dwelling species were most similar to the smallest ground-dwelling species, and vice versa. Thus, in Pristurus, phenotypic evolution along the differing habitat-based allometric trajectories resulted in similar body forms at differing body sizes in distinct ecological habitats.

Funding provided by: MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE*Crossref Funder Registry ID: Award Number: PGC2018-098290-B-I00Funding provided by: European Regional Development FundCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008530Award Number: PID2021-128901NB-I00Funding provided by: Agencia Estatal de InvestigaciónCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011033Award Number: FJC2021-046832-IFunding provided by: Alexander von Humboldt-StiftungCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005156Award Number: Funding provided by: NSFCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100020414Award Number: DBI-1902511