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Réchauffement climatique et ambiance biothermique à Brazzaville (République du Congo)

Authors: MASSOUANGUI-KIFOUALA,Martin;

Réchauffement climatique et ambiance biothermique à Brazzaville (République du Congo)

Abstract

Brazzaville est située en Afrique Centrale, plus précisément entre les longitudes 15°20’ et 15°25’Est et entre les latitudes 4°10 et 4°25’ Sud. Elle est caractérisée par une forte urbanisation et intensification des activités anthropiques qui sont des facteurs très favorables au réchauffement de la ville. La présente étude a pour objectif de caractériser l’évolution des températures et d’apprécier l’ambiance biothermique. Les données des températures minimales et maximales, des températures moyennes et de l’humidité relative ont été collectées dans le cadre cette étude. Sur ces données, nous avons appliqué le test de Pettitt, calculé des indices des températures extrêmes et biothermiques. Les principaux résultats ont montré que les températures minimales et maximales accusent une hausse depuis la fin des années 1970. Ce réchauffement s’est accompagné d’une augmentation des jours chauds (TX90P) et des nuits chaudes (TN90P). Les amplitudes thermiques diurnes (ATD), par contre, sont à la baisse. Les fortes chaleurs sont désormais observées de janvier à mai et d’octobre à novembre de 12h à 16h. L’ambiance thermique est marquée par une sensation d’inconfort qui va du chaud au torride. Les pics d’inconfort thermique est très manifeste de janvier à mai, de 12h à 18h, à partir des années 2000.

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Keywords

Brazzaville ; réchauffement climatique ; indices ; inconfort thermique ; résilience

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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