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Collecting patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in a standardised way and integrating them with clinical data can empower patients and support diabetes care. We sought to develop a patient-centred core outcome set (COS) to be used in routine diabetes care employing an international multi-stakeholder consensus process focusing on outcome relevance, feasibility and measurement frequency. The three-round Delphi study and subsequent consensus meeting led to a comprehensive outcome set and recommendations for frequency of measurement for each included outcome. The outcome set allows for collecting patient-reported and clinical data in a standardised way to sustainably support diabetes management on the international level and inform research and policy making.