Trees located in urban centers provide countless benefits to the environment and the health of the population residing in places with intense urbanization. Thus, the objective of this study was to portray how urban afforestation favors the reduction of the rich of numerous diseases, including cardiovascular ones, the main cause of death worldwide. To carry out the research, a search of scientific articles published between the years 1995 to 2020 was carried out. The results showed that urban afforestation positively affects the lives of people living in these centers, mitigating the risk of cardiovascular disease. Places with fewer trees register higher rates of diseases related to the cardiovascular system. This vegetation, when well-planned and structured in the urban environment, favors numerous benefits such as control of air pollution, environmental comfort with a reduction in temperature, shelter for fauna, balance of humidity in the air, social interaction, recreation, physical activity and their health, residents favoring the improvement of the quality of life.