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Produção e caracterização de biocarvão a partir de diferentes fontes de biomassa vegetal: aproveitamento de resíduos arbóreos e agrícolas sem destinação apropriada

Authors: Hanke, D; Nascimento, S.G.S; Dick, D.P; Ávila, M.R; Pillon, C.N; Santos, D.C;

Produção e caracterização de biocarvão a partir de diferentes fontes de biomassa vegetal: aproveitamento de resíduos arbóreos e agrícolas sem destinação apropriada

Abstract

R E S U M O O biocarvão é o produto sólido obtido através da pirólise de materiais orgânicos com a finalidade de aplicação ao solo. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram: i) desenvolver um reator de pirólise de baixo custo; ii) avaliar a eficiência do reator na pirólise de diferentes tipos de biomassa e; iii) caracterizar os atributos químicos, físicos e físico-químicos dos biocarvões. Os biocarvões foram produzidos a partir de resíduos da arborização urbana (limoeiro e figueira), bagaço de uva e casca de arroz, em pirolisador com capacidade de 9,42 dm3. Foram utilizadas duas temperaturas de pirólise (400 e 550 ºC) durante o período de três horas. Os materiais foram caracterizados em relação aos seguintes atributos: i) teor de C e N; ii) composição química por FTIR; iii) pH (H2O e KCl); iii) área superficial específica; iv) condutividade elétrica; v) capacidade de retenção de água e; vi) teores totais de Ca+2, Mg+2, K+, Al+3, Fe+3, Mn+4 e P. Os dados foram descritos estatisticamente e submetidos à Análise de Componentes Principais. A pirólise aumentou a aromaticidade dos materiais, resultando em produtos potencialmente mais recalcitrantes e reativos do que as biomassas originais. As diferenças na dinâmica de transformação do material são dependentes da temperatura de pirólise, sendo que para o bagaço de uva e casca de arroz a alteração estrutural e elementar foi mais sensível à variável temperatura do que para os resíduos de limoeiro e figueira. Os biocarvões produzidos em temperatura de 550 ºC apresentaram maior aromaticidade e teor nutricional do que os materiais produzidos em 400 ºC. Palavras-Chaves: Aromático, Carbono, Espectroscopia de infravermelho, Nutrientes, Pirólise. Biochar production and characterization from different sources of plant biomass: use of wood and agricultural residues without proper destination A B S T R A C T Biochar is the solid product obtained through the organic materials pyrolysis for soil application. The objectives of this work were: i) development of a low-cost pyrolysis reactor; ii) evaluate the reactor efficiency in pyrolysis of different biomass types; iii) characterize the chemical, physical and physical-chemical attributes of biochars. Biochars were produced from residues of urban afforestation (Lemon and Ficus tree), grape marc and rice husks, in a pyrolyzer with a capacity of 9.42 dm3. Two pyrolysis temperatures (400 and 550 ºC) were used during the three-hour period. The materials were characterized in relation to the following attributes: i) C and N content; ii) chemical composition by FTIR; iii) pH (H2O and KCl); iii) specific surface area; iv) electrical conductivity; v) water hold capacity and; vi) total contents of Ca+2, Mg+2, K+, Al+3, Fe+3, Mn+4 and P. The data were described statistically and applied to Principal Component Analysis. Pyrolysis increased the aromaticity of the materials, resulting in potentially more recalcitrant and reactive products than the original biomasses. The differences in the transformation dynamics of the material are dependent on the pyrolysis temperature, and for grape marc and rice husks the structural and elementary changes were more sensitive to the temperature variable than for the residues of Lemon and Ficus. Biochars produced at a temperature of 550 ºC showed greater aromaticity and nutritional content than materials produced at 400 ºC. Keywords: Aromatic, Carbon, Infrared spectroscopy, Nutrients, Pyrolysis.

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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