This article presents the results of a literature review of studies conducted on the assessment of dental prosthesis needs in Senegal. It focused mainly on edifying resources such as: PubMed, Google scholar, CAIRN INFO, HAL, SPRINGER, and the Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar (UCAD) Digital Library. The results of the studies included in the review were unanimous in stating that there is a real need for dental prostheses in the Senegalese population. The review also showed that a multitude of determinants is associated with the definition of needs (felt or diagnosed) in the subjects. These are: socio-demographic and economic characteristics, facilitating factors and those related to the care systems. These results were used to develop a conceptual framework for a study on the determinants of demand for dental prostheses in Senegal.