SMC stands for Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes, these proteins represent a large family of ATPases that participate in various aspects of higher-order chromosome organization and dynamics (Losada & Hirano, 2005). In 1993, the first SMC protein was characterized as a gene product required for proper chromosome segregation in yeast. Same year, using different approaches, a number of related proteins were identified in different organisms, laying the foundation of the SMC superfamily. These proteins are large polypeptides, each spanning 1000–1500 amino acids. They form dimers in which two antiparallel coiled-coil arms are connected by a flexible hinge and the distal end of each arm constitutes an ATP-binding domain.