This dataset contains UV microspectrophotometry (UMSP) and near infrared (NIR) imaging data from the following publication: Altgen M., Awais M. Altgen D., Klüppel A., Koch G., Mäkelä M., Olbrich A., Rautkari L. (2022) Chemical imaging to reveal the resin distribution in impregnation-treated wood at different spatial scales. Materials & Design, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111481. The data was measured on small beech wood cubes (15x15x15 mm3) that were impregnation-treated with a low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde resin. Experimental details can be found in the publication. The file “NIR sample IDs with weight and dimensional changes.csv” contains the sample IDs as well as the weight percent gains and dimensional changes caused by the resin treatment of each sample in the dataset. To generate the NIR image files, a region of interest of 881 x 384 pixels was selected from the raw image files to produce an image that contains the sample surrounded by background. The spectral data was corrected using the calibration reflectance target values and then converted to absorbance. Each NIR image is stored in a separate MATLAB file (.mat) with the sample ID as the file name. The file "UMSP sample IDs.csv" contains the sample IDs of the UMSP images. The folder "UMSP image profiles.zip" contains the corresponding UMSP image profiles, which are stored as excel files (.xlsx) with the sample IDs as file names. The files contain the absorbance at 278 nm per pixel with a pixel resolution of 0.25 x 0.25 µm2.