The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is a unique political structure that has become an integral part of the world from a global, political and economic point of view for more than 20 years. Of course, the location of this organization indicates a lot. It should be noted that the territory of the member states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization is more than 34 million km², which is 60% of the territory of Eurasia. Its population exceeds 3.4 billion, which means almost half of humanity. The gross domestic product of the member states of the organization is 22% of the world economy. This article describes in detail the work carried out during Uzbekistan's presidency of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and the achievements made at the end of the SCO Samarkand Summit.