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Thermosphere Hough Mode Extensions (HMEs) for Solar Tides in Earth's Atmosphere

Authors: Forbes, J.M.; Zhang, X.;

Thermosphere Hough Mode Extensions (HMEs) for Solar Tides in Earth's Atmosphere

Abstract

The scientific basis for the atmospheric solar tide HME files contained here is described in Forbes et al. (2022). The directory "HME2022-Hough-UV functions-Tides" contains solutions to Laplace's Tidal Equation for the eastward(westward) propagating diurnal tides with zonal wavenumbers s = -1, -2, -3(+1, +2); the eastward(westward) propagating semidiurnal tides with zonal wavenumbers s = -1, -2, -3(+1, +2, +3, +4, +6); the zonally-symmetric (s = 0) diurnal and semidiurnal tides; and the westward-propagating terdiurnal tide with s = +3. In a widely-used abbreviated notation, these are, respectively: DE1, DE2, DE3, DW1, DW2; SE1, SE2, SE3, SW1, SW2, SW3, SW4, SW6; D0, S0; and TW3. These tides correspond to those measured in Earth's mesosphere and thermosphere. The directory "HME2022-output files-Tides" provides the amplitudes and phases (UT hour of maximum at 0 longitude) of eastward, southward, and vertical winds (m/s), temperatures (K), density perturbations relative to mean, and geopotential height (m) as a function of height (z, every ~4 km) and latitude (deg, every 3 deg), corresponding to several (2 to 7) HMEs for each of the aforementioned tides. Generally the number of HMEs corresponding to each tide is determined by the vertical wavelength Lz of each HME; HMEs with Lz < 30 km are excluded due to their inability to effectively penetrate into the thermosphere above 100 km altitude. The directory "HME_Legacy output files-Tides" includes a prior version of these HMEs that were used in several papers in the literature, but not publicly distributed. The data for each HME extend from pole to pole and from 0 to 400 km altitude. Each directory contains a README file containing further information on the data files.

{"references": ["Forbes, J. M., & Zhang, X. (2022). Hough Mode Extensions (HMEs) and solar tide behavior in the dissipative thermosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 127, e2022JA030962. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030962"]}

JMF acknowledges support for this work under the ICON mission, which is supported by NASA's Explorers Program through contracts NNG12FA45C and NNG12FA42I.

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Keywords

solar tides, thermosphere, mesosphere, Hough modes, Hough mode extensions, ion drag

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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