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Resumen. Habitualmente en los estudios epidemiólogicos se suele trabajar con variables binarias que muestran la presencia de determinadas enfermedades, las que a su vez se asocian con otro conjunto de enfermedades, denominadas comorbilidades, y que también se miden a través de variables binarias y que en general se asumen como factores de riesgo de las primeras. En el ámbito de estos estudios existen situaciones donde se manejan enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT), en particular en salud bucal, donde ambos tipos de variables pueden ser intercambiables en cuanto a quien hace el rol de factor de riesgo. Teniendo en cuenta esta situación se propone usar el análisis de redes para la determinación de tipologı́as de encuestados en base a los atributos binarios, de forma de obtener perfiles epidemiológicos bien diferenciados. Los datos utilizados corresponden a un estudio en personas que demandan atención en la Facultad de Odontologı́a-Udelar durante el perı́odo 2015-2016. A través del análisis de redes (AR), a partir de las variables se construye la matriz de ad- yacencias sobre la que se aplican una baterı́a de métricas (closeness, betweenness, modularity, clustering) sobre los nodos y enlaces, que permite detectar comunidades. Las comunidades creadas mediante el AR a través del uso de diferentes algoritmos de búsqueda, como el de fast greedy o de random walk o de particionadoespectral, se usan para evaluar el cambio en las proporciones de las variables analizadas (patologı́as o factores de riesgo) cuando se consideran en forma global y al interior de cada comunidad. Usually in epidemiological studies it is usual to work with binary variables that show the presence of certain diseases, which in turn are associated with another set of other diseases, called comorbidities, and that are also measured through binary variables and that are generally assumed as risk factors of the former. Within the scope of these studies, there are situations where noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are managed, particularly in oral health, where both typesof variables can be interchangeable as to who plays the role of risk factor. Taking into account this situation, it is proposed to use network analysis to develop typologies of respondents based on binary attributes, in order to obtain well-differentiated epidemiological profiles. The data used correspond to a study in people who demand attention in the Facultad de Odontologı́a -Udelar during the period 2015-2016. Through the social network analysis (SNA), the adjacency matrix is constructed from the variables, on which several metrics (closeness, betweenness, modularity, clustering) are applied on the nodes and links, which allows the detection of communities. The communities created through the AR using different search algorithms, such as fast greedy, random walk or spectral partitioning, are used to evaluate the change in the proportions of the variables analyzed (diseases or risk factors) considered in global level and inside of each community.
Factores de Riesgo, Variables Binarias, Análisis de Redes Sociales, Clustering, Enfermedades No Transmisibles
Factores de Riesgo, Variables Binarias, Análisis de Redes Sociales, Clustering, Enfermedades No Transmisibles
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