Few studies have reported nephrotoxicity of gasoline fumes in animals, but none of the findings has been fully ascertained and the mechanism underlying the observed toxicity still remains unknown. In this study, we present insights into the potential mechanism underlying the nephrotoxicity of gasoline fumes in 72 adult male albino rats. This study showed for the first time that accumulation of gasoline residues and metabolites in the kidney of exposed animal could potentially result in the generation of ROS capable of inducing renal dysfunction. The dataset uploaded are associated with this study.