Compact star formation appears to be generally common in dusty star-forming galaxies. However, it remains to be understood how systematic compactness is and its role in the framework set by the scaling relations in galaxy evolution. GOODS-ALMA is a 1.1mm galaxy survey over a continuous area of 72 arcmin2 at a homogeneous sensitivity with two array configurations aimed at understanding these questions. In this new version 2.0 we present a new low-resolution dataset and its combination with the previous high-resolution dataset. The latest results reveal that dust continuum emission at 1.1mm prevails, and sizes as extended as typical star-forming stellar disks are rare. A population of galaxies with modest star formation rates, but which exhibit extremely compact star formation with starburst-like depletion timescales unveils. Compact star formation appears as a physical driver of depletion timescales, gas fractions, and dust temperatures. The new findings suggest that the star formation rate is sustained in very massive SFGs, even when their gas fractions are low and they are presumably on the way to quiescence. Gas and star formation compression seems to be a mechanism that allows to hold their star formation rate.