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Gazzâlî'ye Göre Bireyin Ahlâkî Yetkinlik Kazanımında Peygamberin Rolü

Authors: Hatice Toksöz; Ayşe Şakar;

Gazzâlî'ye Göre Bireyin Ahlâkî Yetkinlik Kazanımında Peygamberin Rolü

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Gazzâlî’nin (ö. 505/1111) düşüncesinde peygamberlerin insanın ahlâkî yetkinliğini kazanmasında bir etkisinin olup olmadığını araştırmayı hedeflemektedir. Belirlenen amaç doğrultusunda çalışmada önce ahlâk, ahlâkî yetkinlik, ahlâkın kaynağı gibi İslam ahlâk düşüncesinin temel problemleri tartışılmakta, ardından insanın ahlâkî yetkinlik kazanımında peygamberin rol model olup olmadığı hem beşer olarak hem de ahlâkî açıdan incelenmektedir. Gazzâlî, ahlâka dair görüşlerini İhyâu ‘ulûmi’d-dîn ve Mizânü’l-amel gibi eserlerinde ele almıştır. Ahlâkın tanımı konusunda Fârâbî (ö.339/950), İbn Sînâ (ö. 428/1037) ve İbn Miskeveyh (ö. 421/1030) ile hemfikir olan Gazzâlî, ahlâkî erdemleri yine İslam filozoflarından iktibasla ortaya koyar. Gazzâlî, ahlâka ilişkin görüşlerinde nefs teorisi ve huyları tahlil eder. Nefsi ruh, kalp ve akıl ile birlikte aynı anlamda kullanır. O, insanı değerli ve diğer varlıklardan farklı kılan niteliğin bilgi olduğunu söyler. Düşünür, güzel ahlâkı insandan aklın ve dinin güzel ve değerli gördüğü fiillerin, kötü ahlâkı da çirkin görülen fiillerin ortaya çıkması şeklinde tasvir eder. Gazzâlî, insanın bilgi kazanmada ve güzel fiiller gerçekleştirmesinde temel amacının hem dünyada hem de ahirette hakiki mutluluğa ulaşmak olduğunu düşünmektedir. Gazzâlî’ye göre ahlâkî fiillerin iyi ya da kötü şeklinde belirlenmesinde hem aklın hem de dinin etkisi söz konusudur. Dolayısıyla Gazzâlî’nin düşüncesinde bireyin ahlâkî yetkinliğini kazanmasında peygamberler önemli bir rol modeldir.

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Keywords

ghazali, intellect, H1-99, philosophy, prophet., nefs, morality, nafs, peygamber, Social sciences (General), gazzali, akıl, ahlak, Felsefe, Ahlâk, Gazzâlî, Akıl, Nefs, Peygamber., AZ20-999, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, felsefe

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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