ABSTRACT Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. When ccRCC is localized to the kidney, surgical resection or ablation of the tumor is often curative. However, in the metastatic setting, ccRCC remains a highly lethal disease. Here we take advantage of fresh patient samples that include treatment-naive primary tumor tissue, matched adjacent normal kidney tissue, as well as tumor samples collected from patients with bone metastases. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of tumor cells from the primary tumors revealed a distinct transcriptional signature that was predictive of metastatic potential and patient survival. Analysis of supporting stromal cells within the tumor environment demonstrated vascular remodeling within the endothelial cells and a proliferative signature within the fibroblasts that was associated with poor survival. An in silico cell-to-cell interaction analysis highlighted the CXCL9/CXCL10-CXCR3 axis and the CD70-CD27 axis as potential therapeutic targets. Our findings provide biological insights into the interplay between tumor cells and the ccRCC microenvironment.