This dataset contains (1) air mass exposure to chlorophyll a (AEC) values, (2) air mass retention ratio over the land (RL), (3) marine air mss retention ratio within the boundary layer (RMBL), and (4) harmonic means of boundary layer height along the air mass trajectory (BLH_traj) over the eastern China seas spanning from 2009 to 2020. The domain (23−37° N, 117−130° E) includes the south Yellow Sea (YS), the East China Sea (ECS), and part of Northwest Pacific, which is divided into 145 grids with a spatial resolution of 1° × 1°. The time period is 1 January 2009 − 31 December 2020, and the time resolution is 6 hours. The tracking time of initial trajectory is 72 hours. The Matlab scripts for calculating the abovementioned indices are also given. The main code includes "AEC_Cal_Multi.m", "AirmasstoChla.m", and "BLH_traj_multi.m".