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Revisión sistemática del orden de prelación de apellidos como derecho fundamental de identidad del niño(a) en Latinoamérica

Authors: Muñoz, Elva Mónica Armas; Manco, Gerardo Ludeña; Román, Alexander Masías Benavides;

Revisión sistemática del orden de prelación de apellidos como derecho fundamental de identidad del niño(a) en Latinoamérica

Abstract

The right to identity is in itself the hallmark inherent in each human being that distinguishes and differentiates him or her from others through name and identification. In Peru, by custom as a source of law, the father'ssurname is placed first and the mother's second, since the Peruvian legal system only regulates the change of name by exception to the rule for "justified reasons", leaving their interpretation to the discretion of the judges, this interpretation is strictly related to the protection not only of the right to identity but also of the right to honor and good reputation.The objective of this research was to investigate the right to identity and the power of discernment regarding the preference of surnames infavor of the boy or girl to be registered in the Peruvian National Registry of Identification and Civil Status (RENIEC), with a specific objective per se of how the system of interpretation related to the order of priority of the surnames of minors, referenced and contained in Article 20 and 21 of the Peruvian Civil Code, have an impact on the aforementioned fundamental right to identity, to light of the pronouncement of the Peruvian Constitutional Court that develops an extensive corrective interpretationin resolution STC 02970-2019-HC/TC that has similarities compared to Latin American legislation.From the results, in most Latin American countries, the regulation of the order of surnames is sustained and interpreted according to the principle of equality and human rights, in order to reduce the margin of discrimination between men and women before the law. As for the Peruvian regulations, it lacks a law that fully and eloquently regulates this problem, it is intended in any case, to incorporate certain limits to the right to freely choose the order of surnames, in order to guarantee the other fundamental rights.

El derecho a la identidad es en sí el sello inherente a cada ser humano que lo distingue y diferencia de los demás a través del nombre e identificación. En Perú, por costumbre como fuente del derecho, se coloca primero el apellido del padre y en segundo lugar el de la madre, siendo que, el ordenamiento jurídico peruano, únicamente regula el cambio de nombre por excepción a la norma por “motivos justificados”, dejando a criterio de los jueces la interpretación de los mismos, esta interpretación se encuentra estrictamente relacionada con la protección no solo del derecho a la identidad sino también del derecho al honor y a la buena reputación. El objetivo es el análisis del derecho a la identidad y la facultad de discernimiento en cuanto a la prelación de los apellidos en favor del niño o niña desde una revisión sistemática en Latinoamérica, a ser inscritos en el registro nacional de Identificación, teniendo como propósito el discernir argumentativamente, cómo el orden de prelación de los apellidos de los menores, referenciados y contenidos en el artículo 20 y 21 del código civil peruano tienen incidencia en el derecho fundamental a la identidad, a partir del pronunciamiento del Tribunal Constitucional peruano de la resolución STC 02970-2019-HC/TC que tiene similitud comparada. Se concluye que en la mayoría de países Latinoamericanos, la regulación del orden de los apellidos se sustenta e interpreta en función al principio de igualdad y a los derechos humanos, con el fin de disminuir el margen de discriminación entre hombres y mujeres ante la ley. En cuanto a la normativa peruana, ésta carece de una ley que norme de manera completa y elocuente esta problemática, se pretende en todo caso, incorporar ciertos límites al derecho de libre elección del orden de los apellidos, para así garantizar los demás derechos fundamentales.

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Keywords

right to identity; preference of surnames; discernment; diffuse control; constitutionality., derecho a la identidad; prelación de los apellidos; discernimiento; control difuso; constitucionalidad., Pendiente / Pendiente, Pendiente, https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#5.05.00

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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