The issues of identifying modern effective technologies and materials for waterproofing of load-bearing structures of tunnels and subways are considered. The extent of durability of the main structural elements and methods of their protection from physical, biological, chemical and other damages, the possibility of their replacement must comply with the established service life of the facility. For tunnels, this period is 120 years. Reliable hydraulic insulation as part of a comprehensive waterproofing is one of the main factors contributing to the normal conditions of operation and safe operation of underground structures. According to experts, the damage from concrete and reinforced concrete corrosion in underground structures is significant, and sometimes reaches 40% of the total investment in the construction of such facilities. Losses include the cost of materials, the cost of repair and restoration work, the cost components of the disruption of the operation of the facility during the period of repair in connection with the restriction of traffic and operation of the structure. Therefore, when designing an underground transport construction facility, one of the most important stages providing further reliable operation and durability of structures shall be adequate appointment of materials and structural waterproofing solutions in the design of new facilities, and in the restoration of operated structures. Systematic approach to the choice of materials for waterproofing of separate units, structures, and the structure as a whole, taking into account the experience in the use of various technologies of tunnel and subway waterproofing, will increase the operational safety of these structures and significantly reduce the cost of premature repairs.