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SEROPREVALENCIA DE LEPTOSPIROSIS EN EL ESTADO ZULIA

Authors: Márquez Angelina; Gómez María del C; Bermúdez Indira; Gotera Jennifer; Nardone María;

SEROPREVALENCIA DE LEPTOSPIROSIS EN EL ESTADO ZULIA

Abstract

La leptospirosis es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa, aguda y febril, que afecta sobre todo a los animales, los que a su vez sirven como fuente de infección para el hombre. Esta enfermedad presenta una epidemiología compleja, de distribución cosmopolita. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la seroprevalencia de leptospirosis en el estado Zulia. La investigación fue de tipo descriptiva y con un tipo de diseño no experimental. Se analizaron un total de 867 muestras de pacientes provenientes de diversas instituciones hospitalarias, en el período comprendido entre enero de 2002 y junio del 2011, a quienes se les determinó presencia de anticuerpos anti-leptospira, a través de los métodos serológicos Lepto Dri-Dot y Antígeno Termoresistente, complementado con el análisis de fichas epidemiológicas. Del total de pacientes estudiados, 275 muestras resultaron seropositivas, representando el 31,71%, de los cuales 59,28% fueron de sexo masculino y un 40,71% del sexo femenino. El mayor número de casos positivos se observó en los grupos etarios de 0-29 años, con un porcentaje acumulado de 72,4%. Los principales factores de riesgo y fuentes de infección fueron la presencia de roedores y el contacto con agua contaminada. En el año 2008 se observó un pico de aumento de 37,5%. El municipio más afectado fue Maracaibo, seguido de Cabimas y Rosario de Périja. La sospecha del clínico sobre la leptospirosis representa un factor clave para su diagnóstico y tratamiento, debido a que es la única enfermedad ictero-hemorrágica que puede ser tratada con antimicrobianos. Por otra parte, existe un subregistro de casos en el estado Zulia, a pesar de ser una enfermedad de denuncia obligatoria y un problema de salud de pública.

Keywords

Leptospirosis, seroprevalencia, epidemiológico.

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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