The Fermilab Muon $g-2$ experiment reported the results of its Run-1 measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment $a_\mu^{\textrm{FNAL}}$, which is in full agreement with the previous BNL measurement and pushes the world average deviation $\Delta a_\mu^{\text{2021}}$ from the Standard Model to a significance of $4.2\sigma$. In this talk I will present an extensive survey of its impact on beyond the Standard Model physics, based on the work in Ref. [1]. In this work we used state-of-the-art calculations and a sophisticated set of tools to make predictions for $a_\mu$, dark matter and LHC searches. We examined a wide range of simple models with up to three new fields, that represent some of the few ways that large $\Delta a_\mu$ can be explained. The results show that the new measurement excludes a large number of models and provides crucial constraints on others. Generally, these models provide viable explanations of the $a_\mu$ result only by using rather small masses and/or large couplings with chirality flip enhancements, which can lead to conflicts with limits from LHC and dark matter experiments. I will present results for a range of models extending the standard model by one, two and three new fields including scalar leptoquarks and simple models constructed to explain dark matter and g-2 simultaneously. [1] Athron P, Balázs C, Jacob D H, Kotlarski W, Stöckinger D and Stöckinger-Kim H 2021 (Preprint 2104.03691)