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DETERMINANTES DE LOS FLUJOS DE CAPITAL: UN ENFOQUE EMPÍRICO DESDE LA ECONOMÍA DEL ECUADOR

Authors: Jorge Luis Bernal Yamuca; Cesar Stalin Pérez Ortiz; Rafael Jacinto Muñoz Rodríguez; Alexandra Abigail Flores Piñan;

DETERMINANTES DE LOS FLUJOS DE CAPITAL: UN ENFOQUE EMPÍRICO DESDE LA ECONOMÍA DEL ECUADOR

Abstract

Resumen La variabilidad de los flujos de capital está condicionada por factores externos, ligados al desempeño de las economías, pero también a factores internos vinculados con las políticas de atracción de capitales externos, por lo que, durante las últimas décadas, los comportamientos de los flujos de capital se han convertido en un elemento importante para pronosticar el desempeño económico de los países, lo cual ha motivado realizar mayores y mejores esfuerzos para comprender su dinámica e identificar sus principales determinantes para aprovechar sus beneficios y controlar sus riesgos de manera más efectiva posible. El artículo tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar los principales factores que explican las variaciones de los flujos de capital en el contexto de la economía ecuatoriana durante el periodo 1990 - 2020, tales determinantes, acorde a la literatura, la evidencia empírica y los datos disponible son el producto interno bruto, el riesgo país, las reservas internacionales, la inversión extranjera directa, las exportaciones y la deuda externa. Mediante la estimación de un modelo de regresión lineal multivariante para series temporales, usando el método de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios, se determina que el producto interno bruto, las reservas internacionales y la inversión extranjera directa tienen un efecto positivo y el riesgo país un efecto negativo, estadísticamente significativos, sobre los flujos de capital. Como es evidente, los flujos de capital en el Ecuador están determinados por factores endógenos y exógenos que promueven la entrada y, por otro lado, fomentan la salida de los capitales de la economía. Abstract The variability of capital flows is conditioned by external factors, linked to the performance of the economies, but also to internal factors linked to policies to attract foreign capital, so that, during the last decades, the behavior of capital flows capital have become an important element for forecasting the economic performance of countries, which has motivated greater and better efforts to understand its dynamics and identify its main determinants in order to take advantage of its benefits and control its risks in the most effective way possible. The paper aims to identify and analyze the main factors that explain the variations in capital flows in the context of the Ecuadorian economy during the period 1990 - 2020, such determinants, according to the literature, the empirical evidence and available data are gross domestic product, country risk, international reserves, foreign direct investment, exports, and external debt. By estimating a multivariate linear regression model for time series, using the ordinary least squares method, it is determined that gross domestic product, international reserves and foreign direct investment have a positive effect and country risk a negative effect. statistically significant, on capital flows. As is evident, capital flows in Ecuador are determined by endogenous and exogenous factors that promote the entry and, on the other hand, encourage the exit of capital from the economy.

Los autores declaran no presentar conflictos de intereses

Keywords

HF5001-6182, capital flows, gross domestic product, foreign direct investment, reservas internacionales, country risk, inversión extranjera directa, deuda externa, producto interno bruto, foreign debt, JF20-2112, international reserves, riesgo país, Business, flujos de capital, Political institutions and public administration (General)

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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