After Uzbekistan gained independence, the study and restoration of the spiritual and material heritage of great thinkers became relevant and important, causing such feelings as interest and development in science. In particular, it is important to study the life and work of the ruler and scientist Mirzo Ulugbek, to understand his contribution to the development of world science. This article is about the scientific activity of the scientist and ruler Mirzo Ulugbek, madrasas, observatories, socio-philosophical analysis of the scientific heritage of scientists, features of the development of socio-political and cultural-philosophical thinking of the people of Central Asia in the 15th-16th centuries, evolution, historical and philosophical foundations.