Abstract. Cryptocurrencies are virtual currencies supported by decentralized systems, created through mining, their value being supported by the laws of supply and demand. No central authority regulates their use, as transactions take place directly, without the involvement of a third-party. Cryptocurrencies are an extremely debated topic around the world, and their use is spreading everyday. However, they are still relatively little understood by a lot of people, being surrounded by many unfounded prejudices and myths. This study explores cryptocurrencies and their main implications for accounting and auditing. We aim to address the major issues related to cryptocurrencies that arise in both the academic and the practical field. We conducted an analysis of scientific articles, as well as studies and reports of practitioners published online, to identify a taxonomy of emerging topics. The study finds that the most discussed topics are the classification and the accounting of cryptocurrencies, the related risks, the applicable regulatory framework, as well as their use in illegal activities. Based on these topics, useful information is provided for accountants and auditors on the approach to cryptocurrencies.