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{"references": ["Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 2 kwietnia 1997 r., https://www.sejm.gov.pl/prawo/konst/polski/kon1.htm.", "Ustawa z 21 czerwca 2002 r. o stanie wyj\u0105tkowym, Dz.U. z 2002 r. Nr 117, poz. 985, https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20021130985/U/D20020985Lj.pdf.", "Rozporz\u0105dzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z 2 wrze\u015bnia 2021 r. w sprawie wprowadzenia stanu wyj\u0105tkowego na obszarze cz\u0119\u015bci wojew\u00f3dztwa podlaskiego oraz cz\u0119\u015bci wojew\u00f3dztwa lubelskiego, Dz.U. z 2021 r., poz. 1612, http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20210001612/O/D20211612.pdf", "F. Askin, Chilling Effect, https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/897/chilling-effect.", "Ustawa z dnia 6 czerwca 1997 r. \u2013 Kodeks karny, t.j. Dz.U. z 2021 r., poz. 2345, https://sip.lex.pl/akty-prawne/dzu-dziennik-ustaw/kodeks-karny-16798683/art-231", "Ustawa z dnia 17 listopada 2021 r. o zmianie ustawy o ochronie granicy pa\u0144stwowej oraz niekt\u00f3rych innych ustaw, Dz.U. z 2021 r., poz. 2191, https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20210002191/O/D20212191.pdf.", "Rozporz\u0105dzenie Ministra Spraw Wewn\u0119trznych i Administracji z dnia 30 listopada 2021 r. w sprawie wprowadzenia czasowego zakazu przebywania na okre\u015blonym obszarze w strefie nadgranicznej przyleg\u0142ej do granicy pa\u0144stwowej z Republik\u0105 Bia\u0142orusi, Dz.U. z 2021 r., poz. 2193, https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU20210002193/O/D20212193.pdf"]}
Under Art. 228 § 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, the introduction of t state of emergency is permissible only in situations of special threat, if the ordinary constitutional measures are insufficient. Furthermore, the declaration of a state of emergency is admissible only in the event of a threat to the constitutional system of the state, security of citizens or public order (Art. 230 § 1 of the Constitution). The prerequisites specified in both these provisions must be met jointly for the introduction of a state of emergency to be permissible, and therefore legal.
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