Urinary stone disease (USD) is still topical because it is one of the most common urological diseases and, most importantly, it tends to increase regardless of age. The problem of recurrent nephrolithiasis is also relevant, despite the wide range of treatment options available. Many researchers in recent years have concluded that genetic predisposition to metabolic disorders associated with stone metabolism is the main determinant of urolithiasis, while environmental and dietary factors, which play an important role in the development of urolithiasis in adults, remain insignificant in children. As a multifactorial disease, much attention has been paid by scientists to genetic factors. A method of predicting the occurrence of urolithiasis based on the detection of molecular genetic markers based on DNA analysis has certain and significant advantages.