The article presents the results of the analysis and the state of the current legislation of the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of juvenile justice. The scientific literature, national and foreign legislation are analyzed. This made it possible to draw the following conclusion: it is too early to talk about the existence of a coherent system of juvenile justice in Kazakhstan. This is mainly justified by the lack of interaction between the authorities to the extent necessary for the implementation of specific measures aimed primarily at preventing crimes among minors. At the same time, the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of creating a juvenile justice system has moved much further than the Republic of Belarus. There is no juvenile justice system in our country. There is a network of state institutions and organizations protecting the rights of minors. However, such a basic element of the juvenile justice system as a juvenile court (juvenile court) is missing. Based on this, the article provides a comparative description of the characteristics of juvenile justice in the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan.