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ABSTRACT: Because of the peculiar nature of Einstein's fame and the symbolic charges that he attracted to himself, his visit to Brazil in 1925 had the effect of both splitting the scientific community and the Jewish community. With regard to science, avant-garde mathematicians and engineers in the Brazilian Academy of Sciences were able to mobilize Einstein's prestige to dislodge the Positivists from control, a victory which helped create a favorable environment for modern physicists that would be exploited positively in the next decade. As was the case everywhere in Latin America, engineers played a prominent role in the debate over relativity. In the Jewish community Einstein's visit provoked a split between Zionists and anti-Zionists. Keywords: Brazilian science; Einstein; relativity: Physics; Engineering: Jewish community. ENTRE A CIÊNCIA E O SIONISMO: EINSTEIN NO BRASIL Abstract: A natureza peculiar da fama de Einstein e a carga simbólica que atraiu para si mesmo fizeram com que sua visita ao Brasil, em 1925, tivesse o efeito dividir tanto a comunidade científica como a comunidade judaica. Com relação à ciência, a vanguarda de matemáticos e engenheiros da Academia Brasileira de Ciências foi capaz de mobilizar o prestígio de Einstein para deslocar os Positivistas de seu controle, uma vitória que auxiliou a criar um ambiente favorável para os físicos modernos, o qual seria positivamente explorado na década subsequente. Como ocorreu na América Latina, os engenheiros desempenharam um papel proeminente no debate sobre a relatividade. Na comunidade judaica, a visita de Einstein provocou uma separação entre sionistas e antissionistas. Palavras-chave: ciência brasileira; Einstein; relatividade; Física; Engenharia; comunidade judaica.
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