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Fisiopatología de la insuficiencia cardiaca en pacientes con COVID-19

Authors: Acosta-Hernández, Yunier; Vanterpool-Hector, Miguel; Soares-Menezes, Augusta;

Fisiopatología de la insuficiencia cardiaca en pacientes con COVID-19

Abstract

Introducción: se revelan controversias respecto a los mecanismos que determinan la vulnerabilidad de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca a la infección por el virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), que produce el síndrome respiratorio llamado Coronavirus Infectious Disease-19 (COVID-19). Objetivo: recopilar información sobre la fisiopatología de la insuficiencia cardiaca aguda en el contexto de la COVID-19. Método: en el Policlínico Comunitario “Ramón López Peña” de Santiago de Cuba, entre septiembre y noviembre del 2020, se realizó una revisión narrativa sobre este tema. La búsqueda se efectuó consultando las bases de datos Pubmed, Infomed y SciELO, sin restricción de fecha, en los idiomas español e inglés. Desarrollo: se manifiestan incertidumbre en los mecanismos implicados en la fisiopatología de la insuficiencia cardiaca de los pacientes con esta enfermedad infecciosa. El daño miocárdico se debe a los efectos directos de la infección viral sobre el miocito, que se expresa como una respuesta inflamatoria local y a la participación del corazón como órgano diana de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica e inapropiada generada por la marcada liberación de citocinas. Esta última, además, genera un daño endotelial que desencadena complicaciones tromboembólicas e isquémicas, disfunción sistodiastólica del corazón, y finalmente la falla multiorgánica. Conclusiones: a pesar de los avances en el conocimiento de la etiopatogenia de esta enfermedad, aún se requiere que se esclarezcan con precisión los mecanismos fisiopatológicos que determinan la presentación de la insuficiencia cardiaca, si bien se reconoce la influencia de la respuesta inflamatoria inapropiada, inducida por citoquinas, en la presentación del daño miocárdico.

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Keywords

pandemia, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, daño miocárdico, inflamación, citoquinas, insuficiencia cardiaca

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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