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RESUMO: O conceito de condição de existência efetivamente pressuposto nos trabalhos de Georges Cuvier (1769-1832) tinha a ver com a condição de possibilidade de um ser vivo considerado em si próprio como uma totalidade coerente e harmônica (leia-se: organizada). Desde sua perspectiva, a primeira e fundamental condição de existência de um ser vivo radicava na sua coerência funcional; e era essa exigência de coerência o que estabelecia e limitava o repertório dos seres possíveis. Porém, a nossa compreensão habitual desta noção está enviesada pela interpretação Darwin fez dela quando a homologou às condições de vida dum organismo. Isto distorceu nossa leitura do projeto teórico de Cuvier e nos levou à hoje habitual e errônea aproximação entre seu funcionalismo organicista e o adaptacionismo darwiniano. Palavras-chave: Georges Cuvier; condições de existência; funcionalismo; adaptacionismo. Cuverian funcionalism vs darwinian adaptacionism remarks concerning the concept of conditions of existence Abstract: The concept of condition of existence effectively in the works of Georges Cuvier (1769-1832) concerns to the condition of possibility of a living being considered as a coherent and harmonic whole (that means: an organized whole). From his point of view, the first and basic condition of existence of living being was its functional coherence; and this requirement of coherence established and limited the repertoire of the possible living beings. Nevertheless, our habitual understanding of this notion is based by its darwinian interpretation: Darwin considered the conditions of existence as simple conditions of life and this distorted our reading of Cuvier”s theoretical project. That distortion leads to the today habitual and erroneous approximation between Cuvier's functionalism and Darwin”s adaptationism. Keywords: Georges Cuvier; Charles Darwin, conditions of existence; functionalism; adaptationism.
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