This study was grounded on the determination of the role of traditional leaders in conflict resolution in Umguza district. This study aimed to explore the factors determining the role of traditional leaders in Umguza district. The study followed a qualitative case study approach where semi-structured face-to-face interviews were used for data gathering. Stratified random and convenience sampling was used to select 205 participants from Mbembesi and Ntabazinduna. Data presentation was done with emphasis on the determinants of the role of traditional leaders in conflict resolution. Traditional leaders have various determinants of their role in resolving conflicts such as their capacities, challenges, regulatory frame work and the existent structures for their institution. These factors were further explained in relation to modernisation and Ubuntu models as guiding theoretical frameworks.