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FITORREMEDIACIÓN EN CUERPOS DE AGUA CONTAMINADOS POR METALES PESADOS

Authors: María Santos Pedraza Guevara;

FITORREMEDIACIÓN EN CUERPOS DE AGUA CONTAMINADOS POR METALES PESADOS

Abstract

El presente artículo recopila información de las técnicas de fitorremediación en cuerpos de agua por diferentes especies de plantas, su acumulación de metales pesados, ventajas y desventajas, a partir de diversos estudios de investigación. Se hizo una búsqueda bibliométrica en tres bases de datos y en el referenciador Zotero. La búsqueda arrojó un total de 90 artículos, de los cuales 61 fueron validados, sin embargo, solo 43 se citaron tomando en cuenta tanto la relevancia del área como la temática. Se encontró que las plantas acuáticas, para desarrollarse, son capaces de captar metales a través de diversos mecanismos, entre los cuales se encuentran: la fitovolatilización y fitoextracción, efectuadas a través de su parte aérea; la rizofiltración y fitoestabilización, realizadas desde la raíz hacia la parte inferior; la fitofiltración, que es otro mecanismo para tratamiento de aguas residuales por macrófitas y desarraigadas de cultivos hidropónicos que luego son reubicados a corrientes acuosas. La tasa de crecimiento rápido y la capacidad de tolerancia dependerán de la especie, la temperatura y el pH para la bioacumulación de los metales. Lantana camara puede eliminar hasta 88,93 % de Pb, Cyperus alternifolius tiene niveles de absorción de Zn (5 %), Cd (6 %), Al (13 %) y Pb (14 %). La V unguiculada absorbe 72 % de iones de Cu y 92 % de iones de Cd. La ventaja es el poder de limpieza a bajo coste, no utiliza reactivos químicos peligrosos ni afecta la estructura del agua. Se realiza en el lugar afectado, por ende, es una técnica ecológica amigable con el medioambiente.

Keywords

contaminación, metales pesados, minería, cuerpos de agua, fitorremediación

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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