The base chemistry data was measured in the field with hand-held equipment, following the methods in Fischer et al. (2020). The concentration data represent the triplicate median value and comes from grab samples that were preserved in the field before analyzed at laboratories at the Department of Environmental Science and at the Department of Geological Sciences at Stockholm University through ion chromatography (Thermo Scientific Dionex), total organic carbon analyzer (Shimadzu TOC-V CPH), and inductive couple plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES; Thermo Scientific iCAP 6000 Series). Sampling and analysis followed the methods in Fischer et al. (2020). Sulfur isotopic data was analyzed at laboratories at the Department of Geological Sciences at Stockholm University through an elemental analyzer (CarloErba NC2500) coupled to a stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Finnigan Thermo Delta plus) according to the methods in Fischer et al. (2022). Sampling locations were chosen in relation to the potential pollution sources from the active apatite mining industry, i.e.: - Upstream: sampling locations assumed undisturbed by direct mining activities - Mine: sampling locations within or directly downstream mining activity - Downstream: sampling locations further downstream of mining activity This research was funded by Nordforsk Centre of Excellence for Resource Extraction and Sustainable Arctic Communities (REXSAC, project no. 76938). Fieldwork was funded by Göran Gustafsson Foundation and EU INTERACT (International Network for Terrestrial Research and Monitoring in the Arctic) Transnational Access project "Baseline Conditions and Arctic Mining Impacts under Hydro-Climatic Change (BCAM)". Additionally this data gathering has been supported by the Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program. This dataset is connected to the manuscript: Fischer S, Mörth CM, Rosqvist G, Chalov SR, Efimov V, Jarsjö J: Microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) as nature-based solution (NBS) to mine drainage: Contrasting spatio-temporal conditions in northern Europe.

{"references": ["Fischer S, M\u00f6rth CM, Rosqvist G, Chalov SR, Efimov V, Jarsj\u00f6 J (2022) Microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) as nature-based solution (NBS) to mine drainage: Contrasting spatio-temporal conditions in northern Europe. Water Resources Research [in review]", "Fischer S, Rosqvist G, Chalov SR, Jarsj\u00f6 J (2020) Disproportionate Water Quality Impacts from the Century-Old Nautanen Copper Mines, Northern Sweden. Sustainability 12, 1394. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041394", "Fischer S, Jarsj\u00f6 J, Rosqvist G, M\u00f6rth CM (2022) Catchment-scale microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) of acid mine drainage (AMD) revealed by sulfur isotopes. Environmental Pollution 292, 118478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118478"]}

The dataset includes base chemistry, elemental concentrations, and sulfur isotope (δ34S_SO4) measurements from 11 stream water sampling locations. The measurements were taken in the Belaya and Vuonnemiok stream systems within the Khibiny massif (Kola Peninsula, Russia) during 25-30th of August 2017 and were analyzed at laboratories at Stockholm University, Sweden. The data was gathered to investigate potential pollution spreading in hydrological pathways from active apatite mining within the catchments, and it can be used for comparison with other mining-impacted sites in the Arctic.