Objectives:Both anemia and dyslipidemia are widely prevalent public health problems, especiallyin the Indian population. Associationof anemia and dyslipidemias were reported in some individual experimental animals. The study was planned to find thechanges in serum lipid profile in adult Indian patients with anemia. Material and methods:100 cases of anemia (hemoglobin <13 g% in men and <12 g% in women), and 100 age and sex matched healthy controls, in the age group 18-40 years were investigated for any possible changes in serum lipid profile i.e.,triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Results:The mean cholesterol in patients with anemia was 122.47 ± 29.32 mg/dl, whereas in controls group was 160.43 ± 38.91 mg/dl. The mean serum triglyceride level in patients with anemia was 89.41 ± 33.1532 mg/dl and in control group was 111.45 ± 40.6632 mg/dl. Mean high-density lipoprotein levels were 36.13 ± 12.8132 mg/dl in anemic group and 45 ± 13.032 mg/dl in control group, whereas low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level was 70.12 ± 21.64 mg/dl in the anemic group and 100.45 ± 30.8032 mg/dl in control group. VLDL levels were higher in control group (21.96 ± 8.132 mg/dl) compared to the anemic group (18.34 ± 7.6432 mg/dl). Conclusion: Lipoproteins levels were significantly abnormal in anemic as compared to non-anemic subjects.