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The widespread use of pervasive sensing technolo- gies such as wireless sensors and street cameras allows the de- ployment of crowd estimation solutions in smart cities. However, existing Wi-Fi-based systems do not provide highly accurate crowd size estimation. Furthermore, these systems do not adapt to the dynamic changes in-the-wild, such as unexpected crowd gatherings. This paper presents a new adaptive machine learning system, called CountMeIn, to address the crowd estimation problem using polynomial regression and neural networks. The approach transfers the calibration task from cameras to machine learning after a short training with people counting from stereo- scopic cameras, Wi-Fi probe packets, and temporal features. After the training, CountMeIn calibrates Wi-Fi using the trained model and maintains high accuracy for a longer duration without cameras. We test the approach in our pilot study in Gold Coast, Australia, for about five months. CountMeIn achieves 44% and 72% error reductions in minutely and hourly crowd estimations compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
machine learning, Crowd mobility, neural networks
machine learning, Crowd mobility, neural networks
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 10 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% |
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| downloads | 30 |

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