Melanagromyza lanciformis Braun & Prado, sp. nov. (Figures 4, 5) Specimens examined: Holotype: ɗ (G, LW, PDC 200429 -C), BRAZIL: SÃO PAULO: Itirapina, 22º15’56”S 47º47’48”W, 17.ii.2005 (various collectors), ex Bidens gardneri (MZUSP). Paratypes: 1 ɗ (LW, PDC 040104 -A), São Carlos, 22º04’06”S 47º52’56”W, 23.i.2005 (various collectors), ex Viguiera arenaria. 1 ɗ (G, LW, PDC 050901 -B), São Carlos, 22º05’46”S 47º49’57”W, 24.i.2005 (various collectors), ex Viguiera arenaria. 1 ɗ (LW, PDC 200426), Itirapina, 22º15’56”S 47º47’48”W, 17.ii.2005 (various collectors) ex Bidens gardneri (ZUEC/ UNICAMP). 1 ɗ (LW, PDC 081209), Ibaté, 21º58’09”S 47º56’56”W, 30.iv.2004 (various collectors), ex Viguiera robusta. 1 ɗ (G, LW, PDC 050901 -A), São Carlos, 22º05’46”S 47º49’57”W, 24.i.2005 (various collectors), ex Viguiera arenaria. 1 ɗ (LW, PDC 200108), Itirapina, 22º15’56”S 47º47’48”W, 17.ii.2005 (various collectors), ex Viguiera arenaria (MZUSP). Diagnosis: Medium coppery black species, wing length in male 1.6 to 1.78 mm, rectangular distiphallus and a narrow epandrium gap (Fig. 5). Description: Male adult: Wing length 1.6 to 1.78 mm (n= 7, mean= 1.7 mm, sd= 0,068). Squamae gray, margin black and fringe blackish brown. Head: Head black. Eye width 0.30 to 0.42 mm (n= 7, mean= 0.38 mm, sd= 0.03) and frons width 0.18 to 0.27 mm (n=7, mean= 0.24 mm, sd= 0.02) not projecting above eye in profile; four orbital bristles, usually equal, orbital setulae reclinate; ocellar triangle medium, moderately shining, apex extending slightly beyond level of upper orbital bristle; gena one-sixth vertical height of eye; eyes bare in both sexes; arista only minutely pubescent. Thorax and abdomen: Mesonotum coppery black, with two pairs of dorsocentral bristles; abdomen more brilliantly golden. Thorax length 0.70 to 0.96 mm (n=7, mean= 0.85 mm, sd= 0.08 mm). Pleuron bristles: two on notopleuron, two on anepisternum and two on katepisternum. Only one bristle on postpronotum. Male genitalia: Aedeagus as in Fig. 11. Narrow epandrium gap (Fig. 5). Host plant/Biology: Bidens gardneri, Viguiera arenaria and V. robusta (Heliantheae), larva feeding and pupating in seed head. Etymology: The specific epithet is derived from the form of the epandrium gap. Distribution: Ibaté, Itirapina and São Carlos (São Paulo) - Brazil. Comments: This species is the largest in this species group, the aedeagus is rectangular and the epandrium gap is very distinctive.

Published as part of Braun, Marina Reiter, Prado, Angelo Pires Do & Lewinsohn, Thomas Michael, 2009, New species of Neotropical Melanagromyza Hendel (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from Asteraceae flower heads, pp. 51-59 in Zootaxa 2279 on pages 55-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275266