Ciliopagurus liui Forest, 1995 (Figs 1–5) Ciliopagurus krempfi.—Miyake 1982: 104 (in part), pl. 35, fig. 2 left. Ciliopagurus liui Forest, 1995: 75, figs. 12j, 15d, 17a, 33c.—McLaughlin et al. 2010: (list). Material examined. Kerala State, India, 08°11’N, 75°44’E to 08°15’N, 76°11’E, 25–30 m, 25 May 2011, 2 males (sl 7.3, 7.6 mm), 2 females (sl 6.4, 7.3 mm), CBM-ZC 11806; same data, 2 females (sl 8.8, 9.0 mm), UOK/AQB/ AR/AN12–13. Description of Indian specimens. Cephalothorax (Fig. 1) strongly depressed dorsoventrally. Shield (Fig. 2 A) approximately as long as broad; anterior margin nearly transverse, with faint concavity either side of obsolete rostrum; anterolateral angle blunt, but distinctly delineated; lateral margins convex, with row of moderately long setae in anterior one-third; posterior margin narrow, roundly truncate; dorsal surface flat, with scattered shallow pits and few tufts of short setae laterally; Y-shaped groove present posteriorly, integument around the groove decalcified. Posterior carapace substantially widened. Ocular peduncles (Fig. 2 A) equal in length, long and slender, about 0.8 times as long as shield and 5.5–6.0 times longer than corneal width, cylindrical, slightly inflated basally (slightly wider than cornea); cornea not dilated; dorsal surfaces with scattered very short setae. Ocular acicles narrowly triangular, mesial margins nearly straight, lateral margins sloping, terminating in simple or bifid spine; narrowly separated basally (distance between acicles less than half width of 1 acicle). Antennular peduncles (Fig. 2 A) not reaching corneal bases. Ultimate segment about 0.4 times as long as shield and about 1.5 length of penultimate segment, dorsal surface glabrous. Penultimate segment with tuft of moderately short setae slightly proximal to midlength. Basal segment short; ventrodistal margin terminating in tiny spine; laterodistal margin with 3 or 4 spinules; lateral surface armed with 1 minute spine. Antennal peduncles (Fig. 2 A) reaching distal one-third of ocular peduncles. Fifth segment slightly flattened dorsoventrally, with tuft of short setae at dorsolateral distal angle; lateral surface non-calcified. Fourth segment with simple or bifid spine on dorsodistal margin. Third segment with prominent spine at ventrodistal angle and few tufts of short setae. Second segment with dorsolateral distal angle produced, terminating in bifid spine, lateral margin with 1 or 2 small tubercles; dorsomesial distal angle with minute spinule, mesial margin with short stiff setae. First segment with ventrodistal margin with few minute spinules or tubercles lateral to antennal gland opening. Antennal acicle reaching midlength of fifth segment, terminating in acute, simple or bifid spine; mesial margin with 4 or 5 small spines, lateral margin with 2–4 small spines. Flagellum slightly shorter than carapace; each article with some minute setae ( fifth> second); each exopod well developed, whereas endopods reduced, about half length of exopods, both rami multi-articulated. Female with 4 biramous unpaired pleopods (length: third = fourth = fifth> second), with both rami multiarticulated and well developed. Uropods asymmetrical. Pleonite 6 (Fig. 2 F) divided into two parts by distinct transverse groove across at about posterior two-thirds; lateral indentations shallow; anterior margin oblique; posterior part with deep median longitudinal groove, posterolateral margins with few faint tubercles and tufts of setae. Telson (Fig. 2 G) with distinct lateral indentations; anterior lobe slightly wider than posterior lobe; posterior lobes broadly and roundly subtriangular, slightly unequal (left slightly larger than right), with narrow, deep median cleft; terminal margins unarmed, but with row of moderately long stiff setae. Coloration in life (Fig. 1). Shield pale red, lateral parts yellowish. Posterior carapace translucent generally; posteromedian plate with red tinge medially. Ocular peduncle red, without conspicuous markings; cornea black. Antennular and antennal peduncles red, antennal flagellum uniformly light red. Palms of chelipeds generally orange-red, transverse ridges lined by red, transverse sulci whitish. Dactyli of ambulatory legs generally orangered, becoming slightly paler distally; propodi with distal parts cream or light yellow with tinge of red, followed by 7 or 8 alternate rings of red and white (white ring corresponding to furrows), proximally part whitish; carpi similarly annulated with 4 or 5 white and red rings, proximal part yellow or cream; meri also annulated with 7 or 8 alternated white and red rings (red rings broader than white rings, sometimes bicolored with red and orange), proximal parts yellow or cream; ischia generally red or orange, with few white rings or short striae. Pleon with numerous, short to long, red and white transverse or obliquely transverse stripes. Biocoenoses. The cone shell, Conus inscriptus Reeve (Gastropoda: Conidae). Distribution. Tonkin Gulf in the South China Sea (type locality), Japan, and now southern India. Remarks. Ciliopagurus liui was originally described on the basis of a single male specimen collected in the Tonkin Gulf, southern China, at a depth of 53 m (Forest 1995). In addition, Forest (1995) referred a specimen from Japan, identified as C. krempfi (Forest, 1952) by Miyake (1982: 104, pl. 55, fig. 2, left), to C. liui, though Forest did not personally examine the Japanese specimen. We tried to locate the Japanese specimen, but whereabouts of the specimen remains unknown. Since the original description, there have been no additional records of this species. The present specimens agree well with the type description of C. liui by Forest (1995) in every diagnostic aspect, including the terminally simple or at most bifid ocular acicles, the relatively long antennal acicle reaching to the midlength of the fifth segment of the antennal peduncle, the smooth transverse ridges on the chelae and the pattern of annulation on the ambulatory legs. The characteristic coloration in life also agrees well with that of the specimen reported from Japan (Miyake 1982: pl. 55, fig. 2; as C. krempfi), particularly in the uniformly reddish ocular and antennal peduncles, chelipeds and ambulatory legs with alternated white and red bands, and the pleon with irregular pattern of short to long red and white transverse stripes. As Forest (1995) discussed, Ciliopagurus liui appears closest to C. macrolepis Forest, 1995 described on the basis of a single male specimen from the Banda Sea, Indonesia. He cited armature and shape of the antennal acicle, proportion of the dactyli of the ambulatory legs, and development of annulation of the ambulatory legs to differentiate the two species. We confirm that the armature of the antennal acicle and the development of transverse furrows of the ambulatory legs are reliable, but other characters might overlap between the two species. Mesial spines on the antennal acicle are less numerous in C. liui than in C. macrolepis (up to six versus eight or nine). As Forest (1995) noted, transverse furrows on the propodi and meri of the ambulatory legs are deeper in C. macrolepis than in C. liui. Ciliopagurus is currently represented by 19 extant and two fossil species (Forest 1995; Bakel et al. 2003; Poupin 2001; Poupin & Malay 2009; McLaughlin et al. 2010; Komai et al. 2012). All but C. caparti (Forest, 1952) occur in the Indo-West Pacific to Central Pacific. Ciliopagurus caparti is distributed in the tropical eastern Atlantic. From the Indian Ocean, the following seven species of the genus have been recorded: C. grandis Komai, Reshmi & Biju Kumar, 2012, C. haigae Forest, 1995, C. krempfi (Forest, 1952), C. shebae (Lewinsohn, 1969), C. strigatus (Herbst, 1804), C. tenebrarum (Alcock, 1905), and C. tricolor Forest, 1995. Of them, C. grandis, C. strigatus and C. tenebrarum are known from India. The present study documents the occurrence of C. liui in the Indian Ocean.

Published as part of Komai, Tomoyuki, Reshmi, Rema & Kumar, Appukuttan Nair Biju, 2013, Rediscovery and range extension of Ciliopagurus liui Forest, 1995 and description of a new species of Pagurus Fabricius, 1775 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea) from the Kerala State, southwestern India, pp. 467-484 in Zootaxa 3710 (5) on pages 468-475, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3710.5.5, http://zenodo.org/record/221190