Hydrellia vilelai sp. nov. (Figs.: 7, 20.3 and 23.1–23.8) Diagnosis. Body length of male 2.00– 2.28 mm; frons broader than high; frontal vitta brown microtomentose; fronto-orbital plate usually black; pedicel with 1 distinct spine like setae dorsally and 1 well-developed setula behind this; 6 aristal rays; face narrow, golden yellow to silver, in lateral view nearly vertical but shallowly carinate medially and with distinct antennal groove; mesonotum densely brown microtomentose over black; welldeveloped dorsocentral setae 0+1; sternite 5 attached with anterior margin of hypandrium, each lateral arm deeply cleft, forming a medial, narrow, elongate, shallowly sinuous process bearing 2 apical setulae (figs. 23.1 and 23.2); surstylus with a deep, narrow, medial sulcus on apical half and a smaller, lateral cleft forming a lateral, narrow process (figs. 23.1 and 23.7), in lateral view with a prominent, elongate ax-like carina at merger of surstyli on basal half (fig. 23.8). Description. Head: broader than high; frons broader than high; frontal vitta brown microtomentose; frontoorbital plate usually black; ocellar setae present, usually 3 times shorter than pseudopostocellar setae; both proclinate and reclinate setae present, with a third smaller setula between them, posterior fronto-orbital 1.5–2.0 times as long as anterior seta; scape and pedicel dark grayish brown; pedicel with 1 distinct spine like setae dorsally and 1 well-developed setula behind this, 3 ventral hair like setulae; first flagellomere dark grayish brown to grayish black with dense short dorsomedial pubescence; 6 aristal rays; face narrow, golden yellow to silver, in lateral view nearly vertical but shallowly carinate medially and with distinct antennal groove; 5–7 primary facial setae, sometimes with 1 dorsal shallowly declinate secondary facial setula; lunule silver; parafacial narrow, mostly concolorous with face; genal groove black; gena, postgena and occiput bluish silver (fig. 20.3); 1 genal seta; maxillary palpus yellow to orange yellow, spatulate, bearing 3 setulae; epistomal ratio: 2.13; mesofacial ratio: 3.38; vertex ratio: 7.35; eye-to-gena ratio: 8.69; head ratio: 1.22. Thorax: mesonotum densely brown microtomentose over black; well-developed dorsocentral setae 0+1; 3 scutellar setae, mid pair weakly developed; 1 postpronotal seta; 1 mesokatepisternal seta; postpronotum mostly silvery gray; notopleuron and adjacent area of supra-alar mostly brown microtomentose, not velvety (fig. 20.3); other pleural areas mostly bluish silver. Wings: length 2.23–2.44; hyaline with brown venation; halter fluorescent yellow to pale yellow, stem orange; costal sections indices: II/I: 2.47; III/IV: 3.24; V/IV: 3.96; vein M ratio: 3.78. Legs: mostly silvery gray over orange yellow to brown; joints orange yellow; ctenidial setae along anteroventral margin of forefemur well developed; forebasitarsomere darkened medioapically; mid and hind tarsi orange yellow basally, becoming dark brown from tarsomere 3; mid tibia with tibiotarsal ctenidium weakly developed. Abdomen: grayish brown dorsally; bluish silver in lateral and ventral views; anterodorsal corner of syntergite 1+2 to tergite 5 greenish brown when in lateral view. Male terminalia: sternite 5 attached with anterior margin of hypandrium, each lateral arm deeply cleft, forming a medial, narrow, elongate, shallowly sinuous process bearing 2 apical setulae (figs. 23.1 and 23.2); epandrium broad, forming an inverted U (fig. 23.1); surstylus with a deep, narrow, medial sulcus on apical half and a smaller, lateral cleft forming a lateral, narrow process (figs. 23.1 and 23.7), in lateral view with a prominent, elongate ax-like carina at merger of surstyli on basal half (fig. 23.8); postsurstylus in ventral view broad, elongate, apex with medial, tooth-like, robust seta (figs. 23.1 and 23.2); pregonite simple, rod-like except for apical bifurcation, each lobe bearing an apical setula (figs. 23.1 and 23.2); aedeagus in ventral view fusiform (fig. 23.3), in lateral view with a pointed, shallowly recurved, process (fig. 23.4); phallapodeme in lateral view shallowly bifurcate at attachment to hypandrium, narrowly rounded at attachment with base of aedeagus (fig. 23.6), in ventral view greatly expanded laterally, flange-like at aedeagal terminus, bifurcate at hypandrial terminus (fig. 23.5). Material examined. Holotype male (MNRJ): “ Brazil, Paraná, Bocaiúva do Sul (25°16.6'S, 48°58.5'W; 770 m), 13.Feb.2010, D. and W. N. Mathis”. Paratypes: Labelled the same as the holotype (3 male; MNRJ, USNM). Brazil, Paraná, Castro (8 Km N; 24°45.3'S, 49°58.9'W; 1010 m), 25–26.XII.2009, D. and W. N. Mathis (2 male; USNM). Distribution. Neotropical: Brazil (Paraná). Etymology. The specific epithet, vilelai, is a Latin genitive patronym to honor and recognize Carlos R. Vilela, whose systematic studies of the family Drosophilidae are exceptional and who greatly assisted WNM while in Brazil. Notes. Hydrellia vilelai sp. nov. belongs to the griseola species group and is distinguished by the broadly developed epandrium. For accurate identification it is necessary to analyse the male terminalia, although it is often possible to see the surstylar carina in non-dissected specimens. Females presently unknown.

Published as part of Júnior, Francisco De Assis Rodrigues, Mathis, Wayne Nielsen & Couri, Márcia Souto, 2014, Hydrellia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Ephydridae) from Brazil with an emphasis on the faunas from the states of Parana and Rio de Janeiro, pp. 501-541 in Zootaxa 3753 (6) on pages 530-531, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3753.6.1, http://zenodo.org/record/226733