Abstract: Background: In this study it is aimed to compare the effects of Dexmedetomidine (Dex) and Thymoquinone (TQ) on kidney at hind limb ischemia/reperfusion injury generated rats Materials and Methods: 50 Wistar albino rats were included to the study. Rats were divided into 5 groups (n=10) as Sham, Control, TQ, Dex, and Dex-TQ. After anesthesia was given to the rats, ischemia was performed to left hind limb for 4 hours and then 2 hours reperfusion applied. TQ and Dex were administered intraperitoneally after the end of 4 hours ischemia and 5 minutes before start of reperfusion. At the end of study all rats were sacrificed. Blood and kidney samples were taken to evaluate Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Total Oxidant Status (TOS) Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) values and histopathological examination. Results: TAS value was measured that the lowest value in Control Group (0.07±0.01). TAS values of TQ, Dex, Dex-TQ groups were significantly higher than those of Control Group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between TQ, Dex, Dex-TQ groups regarding to TAS values (p>0.05). TOS values were measured and they were the highest in the Control Group and the lowest in the Sham Group (p<0.05 for all). TOS values of TQ, Dex, Dex-TQ groups significantly lower than those of the Control Group (p<0.05) and significantly higher than those of the Sham Group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between TQ, Dex, Dex-TQ groups regarding to TOS values (p>0.05). OSI values of TQ, Dex, Dex-TQ groups significantly lower than those of the Control Group (p<0.05) and higher than those of the Sham Group (p<0.05 for all). There was no significant difference between TQ, Dex, Dex-TQ groups regarding to OSI values (p>0.05 for all). The histopathological damage score was the lowest in the Sham group and the highest in the Control group. While there was no significant difference between Sham, TQ, Dex, Dex-TQ groups (p>0.05); It was found to be significantly lower when compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Histopathological changes were observed at kidney in hind limb ischemia/reperfusion due to oxidative stress. TQ and Dex had protective effects on renal tissues at ischemia/reperfusion injury.